Pricing decisions with retail competition in a fuzzy closed-loop supply chain

The optimal pricing decision problem of a fuzzy closed-loop supply chain with retail competition is considered in this paper. The fuzziness is associated with the customer demands, the remanufacturing cost and the collecting cost. By using game theory and fuzzy theory, the optimal decision on wholesale price, retail prices and remanufacturing rate are explored respectively under the centralized and the decentralized decision scenarios, and the expressions for them are also established. Some insights into the economic behavior of firms are given, which can serve as the basis for further study in the future.