Outgassing measurement of the waveguide module for a steady state LHCD antenna

An outgassing rate is measured using a waveguide module during a long pulse r.f. injection at 3.7 GHz in order to operate a lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) antenna in steady state. The waveguide module consists of four sub-waveguides which are made of dispersion-strengthened copper and copper-plated stainless steel with cooling channels to control its working temperature between 100 and 500 °C. The waveguide module shows the high power capability of power density up to 200 MW m−2 after short term conditioning. A low outgassing rate of about 2 × 10−7 Pa m3 s−2 m−2 is obtained during r.f. injection up to 150 MW m−2 at a working temperature of T=300 °C after 450 °C baking. Long pulse r.f. injection is effective for reduction of the outgassing by about 1/100. Outgassing during r.f. injection depends on the working temperature but is independent of the r.f. power density after sufficient conditioning. The calculation code taking desorption, adsorption and diffusion processes into account can show time behavior of outgassing in the waveguide module. A quasi-constant outgassing of about 10−7 Pa m3 s−1 m−2 is observed at a power density of 150 MW m−2 in 1800 s injection while keeping a saturated temperature at the center of the module below 120 °C by using water cooling. The outgassing properties obtained indicate that steady state operation of an LHCD antenna is feasible without a large pumping system.