A Level Playing Field for Comparing Air and Rail Travel Times

Background:Shifting travellers from air to rail can reduce environmental impacts and is an important European unio‎n goal. Online travel planning applicationsallow travellers to easily compare air and rail transport choices, however, they may not accurately consider time that travellers spend at the airportor railway station since these depend on buffer times travellers use to protect against delays. Methods:This research investigated the actual time spent at airports and railway stations to analyse the accuracy of travel planning applications and helpsimprove the quality of travel time estimates. The research used a travel time recording application to determine the time spent by passengers atairports and railway stations. The data was collected for 312 trips. The research was supplemented by an extensive literature review of dwell timesand multimodal travel planning applications. Results:The research found that travellers spent an average of 157 minutes at airports and 32 minutes at railway stations. Comparing these results to travelplanning application, the information shows that the applications significantly underestimate time spent at airports and slightly underestimate timespent at railway stations. The use of unrealistic airport waiting times in travel planning applications distorts traveller perception in favour of airtravel. Conclusion:Therefore, railway operators should support the development of improved travel planning applications that better consider waiting times.Improving these applications would be much more cost effective than infrastructure improvements designed to save a few minutes of travel time.