Title of article :
Horner syndrome: A new hypothesis for signaling pathway of enophthalmos sign
Author/Authors :
Rustamzadeh ، Auob Department of Anatomical Sciences - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Afshari ، Daryoush Department of Neurology - School of Medicine - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Alizadeh-Otaghvar ، Hamid Reza Department of Plastic Surgery - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Ahadi ، Reza Department of Anatomical Sciences - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Raoofi ، Amir Cellular and Molecular Research Center - Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences , Shabani ، Ronak Department of Anatomical Sciences - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Ariaei ، Armin Student Research Committee, School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Moradi ، Fatemeh Department of Anatomical Sciences - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Horner syndrome (HS) is a neurological or/and neurosurgical disorder characterized by common signs including miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis, and enophthalmos. Enophthalmos is abnormally posterior displacement of the globe due to degradation of orbital fat, or loss of function of the orbitalis muscle. The main landmark for its diagnosis is a difference of 2 mm or more in the anteroposterior (AP) axis between the two globes.
Keywords :
Horner Syndrome , Enophthalmos , Sympathetic Nervous System , Norepinephrine , Adipose Tissue
Journal title :
current journal of neurology
Journal title :
current journal of neurology
