Off-Pump, In Situ Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting: A Durable Treatment for Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease

Background The value of off-pump in situ left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending coronary artery bypass grafting in single-vessel coronary artery disease was assessed by long-term angiographic and clinical data. Methods One-hundred three randomly selected patients (87 male, 16 female; mean age, 57.4 ± 10.5 years) underwent postoperative angiographic control after an average postoperative period of 4.8 ± 2.9 years (up to 8.2 years; a total of 490 patient-years). Results Fifty-five patients (52%) were asymptomatic, whereas 31 (30%) had anginalike chest pain. Ninety-seven patients (94.2%) were in New York Heart Association class I or II. Five-year angina-free survival was 81% ± 5%. Of 103 left internal thoracic arteries assessed, 99 were patent (overall patency, 96.1%). All four cases having occluded grafts had mild native vessel stenoses (<80%) before operation. The patency rate was 99% ± 1% at 3 years, and 93% ± 4% at 5 years. The left ventricular segmental wall motion score of the left anterior descending coronary arterial distribution improved from 4.1 ± 1.1 to 3.7 ± 0.9 (p = 0.001). Consequently, 15 patients (15%) underwent secondary revascularization (11 interventional and 4 surgical) 4.8 ± 2.1 years after the primary operation. The most frequent indication for interventional revascularization was atherosclerotic progression in systems other than left anterior descending artery. The cases with graft occlusion were treated surgically. Five-year freedom from interventional or surgical repeat revascularization was 91% ± 4%. Conclusions In addition to the well-documented safety and reliability, off-pump in situ left internal thoracic artery grafting is also a durable treatment for isolated left anterior descending artery disease, in both clinical and angiographic terms.