Efficacy of long-term dietary restriction of total calories, fat, iron, and protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus

Objectives A diet restrictive in total calories, fat, iron, and protein intake reduces serum alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with long-term hepatitis C virus infection. However, whether long-term dietary therapy causes adverse effects such as malnutrition and anemia due to a shortage of energy intake is not clear. We evaluated the balance of energy intake and changes in physical and hematologic indices of nutrition after a long-term dietary therapy. Methods Twenty-two patients with long-term hepatitis C virus infection that did not respond to or who were able or unwilling to take interferon therapy were enrolled in this study. Our prescriptions included 7 mg/d or less of iron, 30 kcal · kg−1 · d−1 of energy, 1.1 to 1.2 g · kg−1 · d−1 of protein, and a fat energy fraction of 20%. Patients were followed for 24 mo. Results Mean body fat percentage was 24.6% at entry and was significantly reduced after the diet prescription. Mean serum ferritin decreased significantly from 376 ng/mL at entry to 141 ng/mL after 24 mo. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase levels decreased significantly from 66 to 49 IU/L. Mean levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, and cholinesterase did not change significantly during the follow-up period. Conclusions These results suggest that restriction of energy, fat, iron, and protein intakes is safely tolerated, so its long-term use should be recommended to patients with long-term infection with hepatitis C virus.