Atmospheric inputs of metals and nutrients to the oceans: their magnitude and effects

The estimates of atmospheric inputs of metals and nutrients to the oceans and some coastal areas are reviewed and the uncertainties in these estimates considered. The evidence that these inputs significantly modify oceanic chemistry is presented. However, there are still major uncertainties in our understanding of the interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean for these elements. Two of these areas of uncertainty, atmospheric deposition processes and the ecological effects of atmospheric inputs, are considered in detail.