مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري -

چكيده لاتين :

Hairsine and Rose (1991) developed a process-based soil erosion model which described the erosion transport of multiparticle sizes in sediment for rain-impacted flow in the absence of entrainment in overland flow. In order to test this model laboratory experiments were carried out in a detachment tray using simulated rainfall. Three contrasting soil types were subjected to simulated rainfall at different rates (25-110 mm h-1) in a 35´30 ´10 cm detachment tray. Rainfall was applied using a rainfall simulator with a single scanning nozzle located four meters above the soil surface that emitted drops with a mean diameter (volumetric D50) of 1.5 mm. Results showed that the Hairsine and Rose model can clearly describe the sensitivity of different soils to erosion by introducing three terms of detachability, re-detachability and settling velocity, though the model is unable to describe aggregate breakdown which takes place in one of the soil at higher rainfall rates. The experimentally observed relationship between ponding water depth and soil detachability parameters did not agree with previously proposed theories. In addition, the results showed that the Hairsine and Rose model tends to over-predict values at the lower end of the scale, and under-predict values at the upper end, although the average sediment concentration predicted for the entire data set is not greatly different from the average measured values.