مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري

چكيده عربي :

Conversation is a string which has at least two turns. It is an activity that can be used in every moment of the day. It has its decencies ·that should be followed, by participants if they want to apply politeness rules. Conversational structure usually contains basic components which are opening, central topic, closing, backchannels and insertion sequences. The focus will be on opening and closing because they are ritualized in form. In other words, a small number of them is used over and over again. Most of conversation s turns are ordered and related, therefore they are called adjacency pairs which are involved to help the speaker select next speaker and avoid making gaps. Insertion sequences and backchannels are involved within the structure of conversation to do specific functions. Insertion sequences have a strong effect of the ongoing conversation because they are inserted to clarify some trouble or to be a condition on acceptance something. Backchannels are not turns but they are elements which help the current speaker continue with confidence.