ارزيابي تأثير امولسيون شكن هاي مختلف بر جداسازي آب از نمونه هاي مختلف نفت خام شامل ميادين ابوذر، فروزان و درود

Demulsification of crude oil by using demulsifier

به هنگام استخراج نفت خام از چاه¬هاي نفتي همواره مقدار قابل توجهي آب، گل و لاي، زنگ آهن، نمك¬هاي قليايي شن و ماسه همراه نفت خام استخراج مي¬گردد. بخش اعظمي از اين آب و نمك با نفت خام تشكيل امولسيون پايداري مي¬دهد. امولسيون¬ها به دليل داشتن آب كه باعث افزايش حجم اشغال شده در تجهيزات فرآيند وخطوط لوله مي¬شود باعث افزايش فرآيند¬هاي مورد نظر و هزينه سرمايه¬اي نا مطلوب مي¬گردند. از آنجا كه حضور اين امولسيون¬¬ها نامطلوب است، از روش هاي امولسيون زدايي مانند امولسيون زدايي شيميايي استفاده مي شود كه بر اساس استفاده از مواد فعال سطحي تعليق شكن استوار است. هدف از انجام اين تحقيق بررسي تاثير مواد امولسيون زداي مختلف برروي جداسازي آب از امولسيون نفتي موجود درخارگ مي¬باشد. بدين منظور اثر پارامترهاي مختلف نظير انواع مواد امولسيون زداي آب دوست و نفت دوست همچنين اثرات دما و غلظت ماده امولسيون زدا بر روي جداسازي آب از امولسيون مورد بررسي قرار گرفت .به اين منظور دو نمونه نفت خام مختلف تهيه گرديد و اثر هر يك از دمولسيفاير ها در غلظت هايppm 100ppm, 200 وppm 300 و دردماي ℃ 25 و زمان ماند 2 ساعت بر روي آنها مورد آناليز قرار گرفت. در اين تحقيق مشخص شد كه بالا رفتن دما موجب كاهش گرانروي و چسبندگي فيلم اطراف قطرات آب، حركت قطرات آب را افزايش داده و باعث بهم پيوستگي بيشتر و جداسازي راحت‌تر قطرات مي گردد. نفت خام حوزه درود در غلظت پايين دمولسيفاير و نفت خام حوزه فروزان در غلظت هاي بالا بهترين عملكرد در جدا سازي آب از نفت را نشان داد.

While extracting crude oil from the oil wells, a significant amount of water, mud, rust, alkaline salts of sand are extracted with crude oil. A large part of the water and salt with crude oil forms a stable emulsion. Some of oil combinations that are active in terms of surface, such as asphaltenes, resins, waxes and solid particles, can form a layer of film on the common surface of water and oil. Failure to separate the salt water from the oil causes to reduce the quality of the produced crude oil to the international standards, as well as get serious damages to the processing facilities and transportation of crude oil. Emulsions, because of having water that causes to increase the occupied volume in the process equipment and pipelines, cause to increase the desired processes and undesirable capital cost. The presence of water in the crude oil can cause to increase intervention in the refining operations, provoke corrosion, increase the heat capacity and reduce the management capacity of the refining equipment and lines. Since the presence of these emulsions is undesirable, de-emulsification methods, such as chemical de-emulsification, are used that are based on the use of surface-active substances of de-emulsifier. In choosing the de-emulsifier, factors such as the degradability of the active component, choosing the suitable solvent and formulation with minimal environmental impacts is important. Commercial de-emulsifiers which are used to break water emulsion in the oil include de-emulsifiers soluble in water and oil. The objective of this survey is the effect of different de-emulsification substances on separating water from the oil emulsion in Kharg Island. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the effect of various hydrophilic and oleophilic de-emulsification substances as well as the effects of temperature and concentration of de-emulsifier substance on separating water from the emulsion were studied. For this purpose, two samples of different crude oil were prepared and the effect of each of de-emulsifiers on concentrations 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm and in temperature 25 degrees centigrade and then in temperature 50 degrees centigrade and residence time of 2 hours on them were analyzed. In this paper, it was found that increasing the temperature causes to decrease the viscosity, and the adhesion of the film around the water drops increases the move of water drops and causes the drops to have more interconnectedness and easier separating. Crude oil of Dorood field in low concentration of de-emulsifier and crude oil of Foroozan field in high concentrations showed the best performance in separating water from the oil.