كليدواژه :
تحليل متن , روايت شناسي , نمايش‌نامه , ساعدي , چوب به دست‌هاي ورزيل.
چكيده فارسي :
بررسي روايت شناسانه‌ي متن كمك مي‌كند تا لايه‌هاي ناپيداي متن را بهتر درك كنيم و تا حد ممكن به افق ديد مؤلف و نظريات او نزديك شويم. در اين مقاله بر اساس نظريّهي روايي ژرار ژنت، پنج مفهوم لحن يا صدا (Voice) حالت يا وجه (Mood)، تداوم زمان (Duration)، نظم و ترتيب زماني (Order) و بسامد رويدادها (Frequency) مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. از منظر راوي، ساعدي با برگزيدن راوي برون داستاني، تمامي حوادث را براي خواننده‌ي متن(بيننده‌ي نمايش) بازگو مي‌كند. در اين نمايش با كانوني شدگي خارجي يا نمايشي روبه‌رو هستيم و همچنين نويسنده با استفاده از تمهيدات گوناگون، متني چند صدايي پديد آورده است و اين امر موجب جذابيت متن و غير قابل پيش‌بيني بودن آن شده است. نويسنده در اين نمايش‌نامه از گونه‌‌هاي مختلف زمان بهره برده است، هرچند به سبب نمايشي بودن متن، همساني زماني از بسامد بيشتري برخوردار است و زمان پريشي نيز در متن ديده نمي‌شود. بر اساس بررسي صورت گرفته مي‌توان چنين نتيجه گرفت كه درون‌مايه‌ي مطرح شده در متن، عدم اعتماد به بيگانگان و دعوت به اتحاد در برابر دشمنان و اتكا به توان خود است كه نويسنده با بهره‌گيري از عناصر نمادين توانسته است اين درون‌مايه را در بستر نمايش بپروراند.
چكيده لاتين :
Studying of a literally text from the perspective of narratology could led us to cognition of more aspects of the text and reveal hidden layers of the text. Studying a text based on narrative theories also could led us to a new understanding from a literary text. Gerard Genette, is a well-known French theorist of literary texts, who broadly studied narratology and various aspects of narrative, and his theories about narrative are of the most important theories in this field. Genette introduced 5 basic notions for narratologically studying of a text and designated 5 terms for these notions. The terminology that Genette suggests in his book Narrative Discourse are as follow: 1- Voice, which studies and analyses narrator, and audience. 2- Mood, which studies focalization (point of view) and three aspects of a text (interpretation, psychology, and Ideology) in the field of linguistic of narrative. 3- Duration, which is one of the parts of temporal analysis of a text and studies the temporal structures which author employs for narrating of his story. 4- Order, which studies the arrangement of temporal sequence and retrospections and anticipations of the events evoked in narrative. 5- Frequency, which studies the repetition of an event in the arena of narrating of a story. In this paper we study a play named “chub be dast-haye Varazil” by Gholam Hossein Saedi. The place of the story is an imaginary village named Varazil, which has been attacked by a herd of boars. People of the village decide to go to a foreigner named Monsieur and ask him for help. Monsieur sends tow hunters to the village on the condition that the villagers supply them with food. The villagers accept the condition and welcome them to their village, and they hunt the boars. But after that the hunters don’t leave the village and force the villagers to feed them. People again go to Monsieur and ask him for help. He sends two other hunters to send the previous ones away. But when two couple of hunters face against each other, they suddenly turn their shotguns against people of the village, and frightened people run away. Saedi uses a heterodiegetic narrator and tries to recount all the events of his story for his audiences to help them to better understand various dimensions of the story. In this play, author uses external (dramatic) focalization and tries to describe in details the exact behavior of the characters. In this play, we are faced with a multi-vocal text which caused this play to be an unpredictable and attractive drama for the audience. This narrative has an almost straight timeline, and we cannot see any anachornies (flashbacks and flash-forwards) in the narrative. Although we can see the narrative employs other temporal characteristics for his narration. Based on the symbolic elements of the play, we conclude in this study that, the theme that author developed in the context of his play to be: a call for being united against adversaries, not to trust the foreigners, and to confidence in ourselves capabilities.
