ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﻻب ﭼﻐﺎﺧﻮر

Evaluation of yield traits relationships in promising wheat lines under normal and drought stress conditions in the Choghakhor wetland region

ﮔﻨﺪم ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻏﻼت و از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ در اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮ ﺧﻮدﮐﻔﺎﯾﯽ در آن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب، در دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل زراﻋﯽ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، 15 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ از ﻟﺤﺎظ 9 ﺻﻔﺖ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 97-98 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﻻب ﭼﻐﺎﺧﻮر ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮوﺟﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻮق در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت واﮐﻨﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ، ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي رﺧﺸﺎن و اروم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﺧﻮد را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻃﻮل ﺧﻮﺷﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮﺷﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ دارد. در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﮔﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮﺷﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ در دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد و ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 0/99 و 0/96 از ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را در اﯾﻦ دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ.

Wheat is one of the most important and strategic food sources in Iran, where self-sufficiency is one of the general policies of economic sector and food security of the country. In this regard, in order to identify and study the superiority of promising lines of bread wheat in terms of desirable traits and determination of suitable traits as selection index, in two environments with normal agronomic conditions and drought stress. Fifteen genotypes were evaluated for 22 traits in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018- 2019, in Choghakhor wetland region of Borujen city. Compound analysis of two environments data showed that, genotype, environment and Interaction of genotype and environment on all the traits were significant at the 1% level. These Indicates Effectiveness of genotype, environment on traits and the different process of response of genotypes to two environments respectively. Means comparison indicated Rakhshan and Orom genotypes were superior for majority of the studied traits. Grain yield showed significant positive correlation coefficients with spike length, nodes number, number of spikes per square meter. In stress environment, Positive correlation were observed between grain yield and thousand grains weight and the number of grains per spike. Stepwise regression indicated number of spikes per square meter, grains number per spike and thousand grains weight in the two normal and stress environments where the most important trait in the grain yield Which were explained %99 , %96 of the grain yield variation in the two environments respectively .