ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي دو رﻗﻢ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ داراب 1 و ﺷﻮﯾﻦ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن

Evaluation of drought stress indices drip irrigation in two varieties of Sesame Darab1 and Shevin in Behbahan Area

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در روش آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﻧﻮاري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ، درﺻﺪ روﻏﻦ داﻧﻪ و ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب داﻧﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺧـــــﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠـﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﮑــﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺪار آب در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﻧﻮاري در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ 40، 60، 80 و 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ از ﺷﺮوع ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ رﻗﻢ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم داراب 1 و ﺷﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري و رﻗﻢ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آّﺑﯽ و رﻗﻢ داراب 1 ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدل 0/240 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ داﻧﻪ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 40، 60، 80، 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﯽ( ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 35/0، 41/4، 47/8، 54/2و 65/1 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ آب ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﮐﭙﺴﻮل و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﭙﺴﻮل در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺSSI و TOL در رﻗﻢ داراب1 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺷﻮﯾﻦ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي HM ،GMP ،MP ،STI و YSI در رﻗﻢ داراب1 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺷﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان رﻗﻢ داراب1 را از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ TOL ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎرزﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ رﻗﻢ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

In order to study and evaluate drought stress indices in drip irrigation method, yield, grain yield components, oil yield, seed oil percentage and grain water use efficiency were tested in 2018-2019 in Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. The experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main factor included water leveles in drip irrigation at four levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100% of water requirement from the beginning of flowering stage and the sub factor including Varieties in two levels including Darab 1 and Shevin cultivars. Comparison of the average water use efficiency of irrigation and cultivar interactions showed that 100% water requirement and Darab 1 cultivar with water use efficiency of 240 kg/m3 of sesame seeds were superior treatments. Average water consumption in one year of experiment was 40, 60, 80, 100% water requirement and control treatment (Surface irrigation) respectively 35.0, 41.4, 47.8, 54.2 and 65.1 cm water. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the highest correlation coefficient was found in plant height, seed number per capsule and number of capsules per plant.Due to low values of SSI and TOL indices in Darab 1 compared to Shevin, and higher STI, MP, GMP, HM and HM indices, the Darab1 varieties could be used as the highest treatment for drought stress. The TOL index is introduced as the most prominent and most significant component of drought tolerant cultivar identification.