اﺛﺮ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، آﻟﯽ و ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت

Effect of integrating of MSWC, Mineral and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize

ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ارزان ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺎك ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ اﻣﺮوزه درﮐﺸـﺎورزي ﺑﺴـﯿﺎر ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﻧـﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﺷﺎن، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﺮدن ﻧﯿﺎز ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻮﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺧﺎك ﻓﺴﻔﺎت )آﭘﺎﺗﯿﺖ(، ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ در ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿـﺎز ﮔﯿـﺎه و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ : 1- ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺣﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس ﻣﮕﺎﺗﺮﯾﻮم، 2- آﭘﺎﺗﯿﺖ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﭘﺎﺗﯿﺖ و ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ 3- ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﺳﺎل 1396 در روﺳﺘﺎي ﻟﯿﻼﻟﺴﺘﺎن ﻻﻫﯿﺠﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺣﺎوي ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ آﭘﺎﺗﯿﺖ در آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻤﺘﺮي از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و آﭘﺎﺗﯿﺖ ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺧﺎك ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎت ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ و ﺑـﺎ ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ اﻋـﻢ از اﻗﻠﯿﻤـﯽ و ﺧـﺎﮐﯽ ﺧﺼﻮ.ﺻﺎ اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد.

There are many source of Apatite in the world that can be use as P fertilizer. But previous researches show that this source of P have no advantage if it be used lonely, because it's solubility especially in alkaline soils (Widespread in Iran) is very low. We supposed that compost or PSB (Phosphatesolubilizing microorganisms) could promote solubilization of apatite. An Experiment was conducted to evaluate the urban compost and apatite resources interaction with Bacillus (as important Phosphate solubilizing bacteria) on P uptake, yield and yield component of corn. Four factors: 1- apatite 2-urban compost 3-Bacillus 4-Sulphur inoculated whit Thibacillus sp. was factorially applied in two levels in Complete Randomized Block Design in research farm of soil and water research institute, Karaj, Iran, in year 2005 and 2006. The results show that interaction of compost and Bacillus megaterium on yield of maize is significant (P<0/05).These treatments increase yield of corn. Apatite has significant reverse effect on growth and colonization of Bacillus and reduced corn yield and didn't increase the soluble P in corn rhizosphere. We conclude that the Environmental condition of experiment in these studies is very important and could influence performance of Apatite and PSMs