اﺛﺮﻋﻤﻖ اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎه ذرت ﺑﺮﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺧﺎك و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم درﻣﺰرﻋﻪ

The effect of corn straw incorporation depth on soil characters and wheat production in the field

ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻋﻤﻖ اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎه ﺑﺮﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺧﺎك و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮخ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم ﯾﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ در ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دو ﮐﺸﺖ در ﺳﺎل )ﮔﻨﺪم و ذرت( ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺎه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ CK، ﻋﺪم اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎه ذرت ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي در ﺳﻄﺢ10-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ، TI اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي در ﺳﻄﺢ10-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ-ﻣﺘﺮي،MI اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي در ﺳﻄﺢ20-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮو DI اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي در ﺳﻄﺢ30-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر CK اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﺧﺎك در ﻋﻤﻖ 30-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺧﺎك ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و درﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎل ﻧﺮخ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮد، درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر DIﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك در ﻋﻤﻖ 30-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﮐﻤﺘﺮاز ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮات در ﻣﺎه آورﯾﻞ در ﻋﻤﻖ 30-10 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ، ﻧﺮخ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك در ﻋﻤﻖ 30-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﻗﺒﻞ از ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ.

In order to identify the effects of straw incorporation depth on soil characters, photosynthesis rate and wheat production, an experiment conducted in double cropping system (wheat-corn cropping system) with four treatments including no straw incorporation and tillage 0-10 cm (CK), top-soil straw incorporation in 0-10 cm layer (TI), medium-depth straw incorporation 10-20 cm (MI), and deep straw incorporation 20-30 cm (DI). The results showed that soil bulk density under CK increased but nitrogen and nitrate concentration in 0-30 cm soil layer decreased, photosynthesis rate also decreased too. While the average soil bulk density in 0-30 cm under DI was lower than the other treatments, nitrate concentration in April was the highest and photosynthesis rate increased under this treatment caused higher wheat production. Generally, the results signify that decreasing soil bulk density in 0-30 cm soil layer and increase in nitrate concentration before the flowering stage can increase photosynthesis rate from the flowering cause higher production.