ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ روي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه در ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ

Comparison of yield and bolting on autumn sugar beet in direct sowing and transplanting

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﺸﻮر زﻣﺎن ﮐﺸﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ دورة ﺣﺴﺎس رﺷـﺪ ﻏـﻼت ﺗـﺪاﺧﻞ دارد . اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﮑﺎن از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده را ﻧﻤﻮد ﺿﺮورت ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه و ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ از روﺷـﻬﺎي ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از آب در زراﻋﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﺸـﺖ ﻧﺸـﺎﺋﯽ در زراﻋـﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨـﺪ ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﺰه واﺛـﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ در زراﻋﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ روي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺛﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﺋﯽ 25 ﺑﻬﻤﻦ، ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ در 17 ،7 و 27 ﻣﻬﺮ و ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ در 25 ﺑﻬﻤﻦ( ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ روي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﯾﺸﻪ، درﺻﺪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ روي، درﺻﺪ ﻗﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ، درﺻﺪ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ و ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﻼس ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ وارﯾـﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﻼس اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري وﺟـﻮد داﺷـﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ17 ﻣﻬﺮ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺖ و 8/75 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮد. ﻣﻘﺪار درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮﻟﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 11/33 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ و ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ در25 ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 7/28 و 5/98 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ درﺻﺪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ روي در اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1/25 و ﺻﻔﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﻟﺰوم اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺳﺎﻗﻪ روي، ﺳﺮﻣﺎزدﮔﯽ و ﺧﺴﺎرت ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن درﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه ﭼﻐﻨـﺪر ﻗﻨـﺪ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق ﮐﺸﻮر، ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه و ﮐﺸﺖ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ارﻗﺎم زودرس ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﭼﻐﻨـﺪر ﻗﻨـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺼﺮف آب و در زﻣﺎن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ.

Water resources are limit in most parts of the Iran thus using the methods that can be efficient for water consumption are necessary. Autumn cultivation and transplanting are the methods of saving and optimal use of water in sugar beet farming. In order to compare transplanting cultivation in autumn sugar beet and different direct sowing dates on autumn sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in Razavi Khorasan province during 2018-19. In this study, the effect of five different treatments (transplanting 14 Feb., direct cultivation on 1, 10 and 19 Oct. and direct winter cultivation on 14 Feb.) on yield and yield components and bolting of sugar beet using randomized complete block design in four Repeats were evaluated. The traits studied in this study included root yield, bolting percentage, sugar content, white sugar content, gross sugar yield, and white sugar yield and molasses sugar. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between different cultivation methods for all studied traits except molasses sugar. The results showed that the date of cultivation of 10 Oct. was superior to the yield traits and produced 8.75 tonha-1 of pure sugar. The percentage of bolt in this treatment was 11.33%. Under the same conditions, transplanting and direct winter cultivation on 14 Feb. produced 7.28 and 5.98 tonha-1 of pure sugar, respectively. Bolting percentage was insignificant and 1.25 and zero percent, respectively. Based on these results and presenting strategies for reducing bolting, frost and bird feeding risk in sugar beet autumn cultivation in northeast of Iran, autumn transplanting and winter cultivation with early cultivars are new strategies for producing sugar beet with minimum water consumption and in a short time.