ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﺟﺎذب و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ در رﯾﺤﺎن

The effect of superabsorbent polymer and different levels of deficit irrigation on some agronomical traits in basil

اين ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎري در رﯾﺤﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑـﺎ دو ﻓـﺎﮐﺘﻮر و ﺳـﻪ ﺗﮑـﺮار در ﺗﺎﺑﺴـﺘﺎن 1395 در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻤﺪان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )3 ،0 و 5 ﮔﺮم درﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ 100، 80، 60 و 40 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب، در ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري 80 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﺑـﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓـﺖ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﺟﺎذب ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري آب در ﺧﺎك و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ اﺛـﺮات ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

This study was carried out to determination the effect of different rates of superabsorbent polymer on reducing drought stress effects and increasing irrigation efficiency in basil. The experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications at Research Greenhouse of Hamadan Faculty of Agriculture, in summer of 2016. In this study, superabsorbent was applied at three levels (0, 3 and 5 grams per kilogram of soil) and irrigation at four levels (100, 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of irrigation factor was significant on all studied traits. Highest values for all traits and water use efficiency (WUE) were observed in irrigation level of 80% of field capacity. The results of mean comparison showed that superabsorbent polymer decreased water stress in all studied traits, especially in high values. The results showed that application of superabsorbent polymers increases water retention in the soil and thus reduces the effects of drought stress.