Friction welded joint of CP-titanium to 304 stainless steel with Cr interlayer

The use of titanium and steel dual structure results in impressive properties such as cost reduction and increased strength. To create this joint, rotary friction welding was used. In this process, in addition to the main parameters, the use of the interlayer is effective in controlling the creation of intermetallic compounds(IMCs). This welding was performed at three different upset pressures with and without the interlayer of chromium, and then mechanical and physical tests were performed on this joint. The strength of the joint was established at low pressure due to the absence of intermetallic compounds, but by applying the minimum pressure required to create intermetallic compounds, the strength reached its minimum level, which is caused by the presence of intermetallic compounds and after that, with increasing pressure, due to the evacuation of intermetallic compounds due to high pressure, the strength increases. Chromium stabilizes the β-titanium phase. As a result, the presence of a chromium interlayer leads to the formation of both β-titanium and chromium-based IMCs. These both enhance the joint s overall ductility and decrease its hardness.