Abstract :
A key goal must be synthetic efficiency in planning an organic synthesis. The prime focal point of synthetic efficiency is selectivity and the second point is the amount of reactants converted to products at the end of the reaction. However, in the investigation of the synthetic efficiency, the second point is frequently overlooked although it is feature for the atom economy. Atom economy is the factors that control a synthesis to get the highest yield and chemoselectivity. The ideal reaction would incorporate all of the atoms of the reactants and ideal processes include limited raw materials and decreased emissions and waste disposal. Due to the solution of the selectivity problem, most reactions have gained importance and economic mass conversion has not been investigated seriously. Following the introduction of the term atom economy in the early 1990’s, most chemists have changed their synthetic plans and designs and developed both selective and atom economic alternative processes. The first aim is the development of synthetic methods requiring only catalytic quantities of “catalysts”. For this purpose, transition metal complexes are powerful and convergent molecules for the synthesis with high atom economy. In addition, the limited raw materials and increased sensitivity for the environment requires the reinvestigation of the synthetic plans for complex organic reactions and this is also the subject of green chemistry. The applications of green chemistry are helpful in achieving the more effective use of limited raw materials, the formation of less side product and waste minimisation. However, atom economy concept is not sufficient alone to tell the efficacy or greenness of a chemical reaction. So, other reaction metrics have been offered.
