Title :
A Magnetically Controlled Wireless Optical Oxygen Sensor for Intraocular Measurements
Author :
Ergeneman, Olgaç ; Dogangil, Görkem ; Kummer, Michael P. ; Abbott, Jake J. ; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K. ; Nelson, Bradley J.
Author_Institution :
ETH Zurich, Zurich
Abstract :
The influence of oxygen on various ophthalmological complications is not completely understood and intraocular oxygen measurements are essential for better diagnosis and treatment. A magnetically controlled wireless sensor device is proposed for minimally invasive intraocular oxygen concentration measurements. This device will make it possible to make measurements at locations that are currently too invasive for human intervention by integrating a luminescence optical sensor and a magnetic steering system. The sensor works based on quenching of luminescence in the presence of oxygen. A novel iridium phosphorescent complex is designed and synthesized for this system. A frequency-domain lifetime measurement approach is employed because of the intrinsic nature of the lifetime of luminescence. Experimental results of the oxygen sensor together with magnetic and hydrodynamic characterization of the sensor platform are presented to demonstrate the concept. In order to use this sensor for in vivo intraocular applications, the size of the sensor must be reduced, which will require an improved signal-to-noise ratio.
Keywords :
biomedical measurement; biomedical telemetry; eye; frequency-domain analysis; gas sensors; luminescence; magnetic sensors; optical sensors; oximetry; patient treatment; frequency-domain lifetime measurement approach; hydrodynamic characterization; intraocular oxygen concentration measurements; intraocular oxygen measurements; luminescence optical sensor; luminescence quenching; magnetic characterization; magnetic steering system; magnetically controlled wireless optical oxygen sensor; novel iridium phosphorescent complex; ophthalmological complications; patient diagnosis; patient treatment; Current measurement; Luminescence; Magnetic devices; Magnetic sensors; Minimally invasive surgery; Optical control; Optical sensors; Oxygen; Sensor phenomena and characterization; Wireless sensor networks; In vivo; intraocular; iridium complex; luminescence quenching; magnetic steering; oxygen sensor; sensing;
Journal_Title :
Sensors Journal, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/JSEN.2007.912552