Title :
Probing Surface Structure Quality of ZnO Nanorods by Second Harmonic Generation
Author :
Chung-Wei Liu ; Shoou-Jinn Chang ; Chih-Hung Hsiao ; Ruei-Jie Huang ; Yan-Shen Lin ; Min-Chia Su ; Peng-Han Wang ; Kuang-Yao Lo
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan, Taiwan
Abstract :
The surface quality of ZnO nanorod after postannealing was inspected by second harmonic generation (SHG) with the assistance of photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and the X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The SHG is sensitive to the quality of the surface structure, which involves the elimination of surface defects and restructuring. Oxygen (O)-deficient defects and surface defects were generated during the growth of ZnO nanorods. The PL and XPS analyses indicate that the surface defects on ZnO nanorods were reduced at annealing temperatures above 600 °C. The bulk crystal structure was repaired for higher activation temperatures (> 700°C) concluded by X-ray diffraction. Results from SHG revealed the relationship between surface restructuring of ZnO nanorods and annealing temperature.
Keywords :
II-VI semiconductors; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectra; annealing; nanorods; optical harmonic generation; photoluminescence; surface structure; zinc compounds; SHG; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XPS; ZnO; activation temperatures; annealing temperature; bulk crystal structure; nanorods; oxygen-deficient defects; photoluminescence spectra; postannealing; second harmonic generation; surface defects; surface restructuring; surface structure quality; Annealing; Lattices; Surface morphology; Surface structures; Surface treatment; X-ray scattering; Zinc oxide; SHG; ZnO; annealing; nanorod;
Journal_Title :
Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/LPT.2014.2306428
