Estimate of Forces Exerted Against Spacers When Faulty Condition Occurs

Certain problems exist concerning spacers in bundle transmission lines. The issues involve forces caused by fault current, hybrid fluttering (galloping) of the bundle, vibration, etc.; other problems such as the wear, fatigue, and relaxation of the materials used over a period also arise due to these forces. Because the existing literature on forces exerted during a fault event are concerned only with specific conditions, it is difficult to predict the force applied for an entirely different condition. The summarized analysis described here has been developed to predict forces exerted against spacers caused by fault conditions by using common basic calculations; experimental data, including those of the author, are provided for comparison to support the estimates made.