Circuit Breaker and Transformer models for the Solution of Wavy Propagation in Distributed-Parameter Systems

Many models for the representation of transmission lines may be found in the present literature. The increasing use of digital techniques to solve the switching surge problem has prompted the development of models for other particular components of a power system. Specifically, the accurate representation of circuit breakers and power transformers is of vital importance in almost all switching surge studies. Presented here is a generalized direct-integration method that, while accurately reproducing the traveling-wave phenomena in transmission lines, advances a procedure for the simulation of circuit breakers (with insertion resistors) and power transformers. The results from a switching surge study on a representative three-phase system are discussed in detail.