The ring-network circulator for integrated circuits: theory and experiments

The theoretical model of a ring network junction circulator introduced in 1965 is reexamined and further elaborated, in view of its prospects for compatibility with accomplished and anticipated advances in microcircuit technology. Following a brief review of the theory, solutions are presented to illustrate the potential for novel, efficient designs with options including miniature, self-magnetized, reversible, broadband, superconducting, or other advantageous characteristics. New experimental models are showing good conformance to theoretical predictions for this promising alternative circulator design concept