DocumentCode :
1081054
Title :
High-capacity undersea long-haul systems
Author :
Pilipetskii, Alexei N.
Author_Institution :
Tyco Telecommun., Eatontown, NJ
Volume :
12
Issue :
4
fYear :
2006
Firstpage :
484
Lastpage :
496
Abstract :
This paper reviews technologies and techniques that have been used in deployed long-haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems and emerging technologies that could be used for the next generation of cost-reduced systems. The overview of current generation technologies starts with a discussion of modulation formats, focusing on the superior properties of the chirped return to zero on-off shift keying (CRZ-OOK) modulation format. The use of 10-Gb/s CRZ-OOK modulation format together with advanced fiber types, more powerful forward error correction (FEC), and broadband erbium-doped fiber amplifiers resulted in the deployment of dense WDM systems with capacities per fiber in terabits per second range and trans-Pacific reach. Demand for the systems with large design capacity led to further development of broadband optical amplifiers. Laboratory demonstrations successfully expanded transmission into the full C-band and later in the C and L transmission bands. The current market conditions dictate the need for reducing the first cost of an installed system rather than reaching record capacity per fiber. Reducing first cost can be achieved by reducing the amount of optical amplifiers in the cable by utilizing an excess performance margin provided by available RZ-OOK technology. Further improvements would be possible if more powerful FEC and modulation formats with better receiver sensitivity are used. For example, the RZ differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation format with 3-dB better receiver sensitivity and better nonlinear tolerance to large amounts of accumulated dispersion is a very promising technology. This paper will review long-haul transmission results using RZ-DPSK and will compare the transmission properties of RZ-DPSK signals versus RZ-OOK signals. Due to superior receiver sensitivity, the RZ-DPSK modulation format can be an enabling technology for 40-Gb/s per channel transoceanic transmission
Keywords :
amplitude shift keying; chirp modulation; differential phase shift keying; erbium; forward error correction; optical cables; optical fibre amplifiers; optical modulation; optical receivers; wavelength division multiplexing; 1 to 2 GHz; 10 Gbit/s; 4 to 8 GHz; 40 Gbit/s; C-band transmission; L-band transmission; RZ-DPSK signals; RZ-OOK signals; advanced fiber types; broadband optical amplifiers; chirped return to zero on-off shift keying; cost-reduced systems; dense WDM systems; erbium-doped fiber amplifiers; forward error correction; high-capacity long-haul systems; modulation formats; nonlinear dispersion tolerance; receiver sensitivity; return to zero differential phase-shift keying; terabits-per-second fiber; transPacific reach; transoceanic transmission; undersea long-haul systems; wavelength division multiplexing; Fiber nonlinear optics; Forward error correction; Modulation; Nonlinear optics; Optical receivers; Optical recording; Optical sensors; Semiconductor optical amplifiers; Stimulated emission; Wavelength division multiplexing; Optical fiber communication; optical modulation format; undersea optical communication; wavelength division multiplexing (WDM);
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
1077-260X
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/JSTQE.2006.876596
Filename :
1668089
Link To Document :
بازگشت