Static/dynamic optimal dispatch of energy and reserve using recurrent differential evolution

This study proposes a new recurrent differential evolution (RDE) technique for optimising the multi-area, static/dynamic joint energy and reserve dispatch problem with complex equality and inequality constraints such as ramp-rate limits, tie-line constraints and reserve and capacity coupling constraints. Generator contingencies are also simulated and their effect on operating cost and reserve dispatch is observed. The proposed RDE has a two-phase mechanism which is particularly suitable for large dimensional problems having complex search spaces. During the first phase, massive exploration of the problem domain is conducted. The solutions obtained in the first phase are extensively exploited during the second phase. The proposed algorithm is tested on (i) A 2-area, 6- generating unit system (ii) A 5-area, 24-unit system and (iii) IEEE 57-bus system with 17 generating units. The proposed RDE is found to eliminate the dependence of classical DE on control parameters and produces better quality solutions for complex problems.