State-space average-value modelling of capacitor-based switching stages: including conduction losses

State-space average-value models of a second-order pulse-width modulated DC-DC converter have been proposed in the literature to represent the non-ideal inductor-based switching stages. This Letter extends previous works and proposes a new full-order, state-space average-value model of fourth-order DC-DC converters, which considers the non-ideal capacitor-based switching stages. The proposed model is seamlessly functional in all operational modes and has been verified by hardware measurement and detailed simulation in both time and frequency domains.