Title :
The nonlinear wave equation for higher harmonics in free-electron lasers
Author :
Colson, William B.
Author_Institution :
University of California, CA, USA
fDate :
8/1/1981 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The nonlinear wave equation and self-consistent pendulum equation are generalized to describe free-electron laser operation in higher harmonics; this can significantly extend their tunable range to shorter wavelengths. The dynamics of the laser field´s amplitude and phase are explored for a wide range of parameters using families of normalized gain curves applicable to both the fundamental and harmonics. The electron phase-space displays the fundamental physics driving the wave, and we use this picture to distinguish between the effects of high gain and Coulomb forces.
Keywords :
Free electron lasers; Electron optics; Free electron lasers; Laser theory; Magnetic fields; Nonlinear equations; Nonlinear optics; Optical feedback; Optical polarization; Partial differential equations; Stimulated emission;
Journal_Title :
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JQE.1981.1071273