DocumentCode :
1095074
Title :
Eco-efficiency considerations on the end-of-life of consumer electronic products
Author :
Huisman, J. ; Stevels, A.L.N. ; Stobbe, I.
Author_Institution :
Delft Univ. of Technol., Netherlands
Volume :
27
Issue :
1
fYear :
2004
Firstpage :
9
Lastpage :
25
Abstract :
In order to improve the eco-efficiency at the end-of-life phase of consumer electronic products, comprehensive assessments should be made. The Quotes for environmentally WEighted RecyclabiliTY and Eco-Efficiency method (QWERTY/EE) developed at the Delft University of Technology is applied to aim at minimal end-of-life treatment costs against maximal environmental recovery. In this paper, the outcomes of this eco-efficiency concept are presented based on a range of improvement options like changing shredding and separation settings, plastic recycling, glass recycling, or separate sorting of certain products. The analysis of more than 75 different consumer electronic products clearly shows groups in state-of-the-art recycling performance in both environmental and economic terms and a substantial distinction between the various product categories. From there, the evaluation takes place of technical improvements in relation to current best-practice recycling. Even more, with the QWERTY/EE concept it is made possible to select and rank improvement options of current and future end-of-life processing and to determine which options bring substantial environmental gain in relation to financial investments made. For glass dominated products, an increase in glass recycling results in significant environmental improvements. The same counts for separate sorting and treatment of precious metal dominated products with a relatively high precious metal content like cellular phones. However, economies of scale are a major assumption that has to be fulfilled in this case. Other conclusions and outcomes are that plastic recycling seems only eco-efficient for large housings of appliances already undergoing disassembly due to the presence of a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD). For small and medium-sized housings, the extra costs of plastic recycling are high in relation to the environmental improvement realized. In most cases, dedicated shredding and separation of metal dominated products does not lead to substantial environmental or economic improvements. In general, it is shown that the various options to increase the eco-efficiency of end-of-life systems lead to very mixed environmental and economic results. As a consequence, end-of-life policy strategies- should be evaluated, and in some cases revised, to support and enhance the most eco-efficient improvement options. Regarding the sensitivity of the results, it is shown that although the different environmental assessment models prioritize individual materials in a different order, the results for the improvement options on a system level are pointing in the same direction, except for plastic recycling scenarios.
Keywords :
consumer electronics; glass products; metal products; plastic products; recycling; Delft University of Technology; QWERTY/EE; Quotes for environmentally WEighted RecyclabiliTY and Eco-Efficiency method; cathode ray tube; consumer electronic products; eco-efficiency; end-of-life processing; environmental recovery; environmentally weighted recyclability; glass recycling; liquid crystal display; metal recycling; plastic recycling; treatment costs; Cathode ray tubes; Consumer electronics; Costs; Environmental economics; Glass; Investments; Performance analysis; Plastics; Recycling; Sorting; Eco-efficiency; end-of-life; recyclability;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
1521-334X
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TEPM.2004.832214
Filename :
1331571
Link To Document :
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