Title :
Resistance formulas of grounding systems in two-layer earth
Author :
Chow, Y.L. ; Elsherbiny, M.M. ; Salama, M.M.A.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada
fDate :
7/1/1996 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This paper lists, under one umbrella, the resistance formulae of power network grounding systems, namely: the buried grid; the driven rodbed; and the combination of the buried grid and rodbed. The formulae are synthesized from rigorous asymptotes; as a result, they are accurate (averaged error ≈5%) and do not require empirical tables or graphs. The validity of these formulae is verified in this paper, not by their derivations, since they are too lengthy, but by checking numerically, against the results of detailed-numerical methods and analytically, against asymptotes. The formulae are suitable for calculation with a handheld calculator, and therefore they are useful tools for an engineer in the field
Keywords :
earthing; electric resistance; numerical analysis; power system protection; buried grid; driven rodbed; handheld calculator; numerical methods; power network grounding systems; resistance formulae; rigorous asymptotes; two-layer earth; Capacitance; Conductivity; Data mining; Earth; Electric resistance; Grid computing; Grounding; Moment methods; Reflection; Surface resistance;
Journal_Title :
Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on