Wearable encounter-type haptic device with 2-DoF motion and vibration for presentation of friction

In haptic interaction, friction caused by slip on the fingertip is a key factor for manual manipulation as well as exploration of texture and shape. From the moment of contact, the friction contains vertical and tangential skin deformations and vibrations, not all of which have been simultaneously supported by previous portable/wearable haptic devices. We propose a portable haptic device that has the ability to present skin deformation and vibration with two degrees of freedom by using two types of motors: a voice coil motor (VCM) for vertical motion and vibration, and direct current motors for tangential skin stretch. The VCM also achieves encounter-type haptic interactions. A combination of these motions encompasses most cutaneous cues for realistic friction.