Directional Characteristics of Distance Relay Mho Elements: Part II - Results

The directional characteristics of mho elements in a 6 element distance protection are examined using a new method described in a companion paper. The results show the effect of polarizing, load angle and fault resistance on the response of mho elements that are either in or out of the faulted loop. Some mho elements are shown to become non-directional at normal reach settings and load angle, indicating the requirement for consideration of supervision by directional elements to prevent incorrect operations on reverse faults. Certain type of polarization in mho elements is also shown to lessen the likelihood of incorrect operations in reverse faults.