Design of electrically small ground planes for HF ground wave transmission

Electrically small spiral ground planes for a monopole and an electrically small antenna have been designed for HF ground wave transmission. Prototype ground planes have been built and tested. For the monopole, the transmission loss of the designed ground plane is 6 dB better than that of the same size ground radials. For the electrically small antenna, the transmission loss of the designed ground plane is 7 dB better than that of the same size solid ground plane at the antenna´s operating frequency.