Spectrum and radio resource management

Wireless technologies are rapidly evolving to allow operators to deliver more advanced multimedia services. High-speed packet access (HSPA) for uplink and downlink is seen as an intermediate evolutionary step since the first wave of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA)-based networks rollout, while evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access networks (E-UTRAN) are the long term perspective for the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technology family. Similar paths are drawn from the 3GPP2 around the evolution of code division multiple access 2000 (CDMA2000). Moreover, the IEEE 802 working groups are producing an evolving family of standards, such as 802.11 local, 802.15 personal, 802.16 and 802.20 metropolitan and 802.22 regional area networks.