Multi-agent framework for charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in microgrids with demand response

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are becoming popular due to the clean way of transportation, versatile charging rates and ancillary service provision. They provide high flexibility to the grid operators in balancing the supply and demand and thereby regulating the frequency. Therefore, PEVs can be used as resources for demand adjustment in microgrids which are highly prone to energy imbalances due to the dynamic nature of the load and the intermittent nature of the energy supply from renewable sources. In this paper, an agent based energy management framework for charging the PEVs is proposed and is implemented using JADE. The framework treats PEVs as DR loads and schedules their charging based on realtime energy imbalances in the system and price forecast. The credibility of the framework is tested using a case study system.