Cache and memory error detection, correction, and reduction techniques for terrestrial servers and workstations

As the size of the SRAM cache and DRAM memory grows in servers and workstations, cosmic-ray errors are becoming a major concern for systems designers and end users. Several techniques exist to detect and mitigate the occurrence of cosmic-ray upset, such as error detection, error correction, cache scrubbing, and array interleaving. This paper covers the tradeoffs of these techniques in terms of area, power, and performance penalties versus increased reliability. In most system applications, a combination of several techniques is required to meet the necessary reliability and data-integrity targets.