Title :
Experimental Study of Lead Tungstate Scintillator Proton-Induced Damage and Recovery
Author :
Auffray, E. ; Korjik, M. ; Singovski, A.
Author_Institution :
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Abstract :
Lead tungstate (PbWO4, or PWO) scintillating crystals are used by two of the four experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC): 75848 in CMS and 17920 in ALICE. For the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter, one of the most important crystal properties is its radiation hardness. With the increase of luminosity, the radiation level will increase drastically, particularly in the high pseudorapidity regions of the calorimeter. Beside the effects of color-centre formation caused by γ-radiation, additional measurable effect originated by hadron irradiation could appear, which will further deteriorate the optical transmission of the crystals and therefore their efficiency. In this paper, we will present results of the proton-induced damage in PWO and a study of optical transmission recovery at different temperatures and under different light-induced “bleaching” conditions for proton-irradiated crystals.
Keywords :
particle calorimetry; solid scintillation detectors; CMS electromagnetic calorimeter; Large Hadron Collider; PbWO4; calorimeter pseudorapidity regions; color-centre formation effects; crystal optical transmission; gamma-radiation; hadron irradiation; lead tungstate scintillating crystals; light-induced bleaching conditions; proton-induced damage; proton-induced recovery; proton-irradiated crystals; radiation hardness; radiation level; Absorption; Annealing; Crystals; Light scattering; Lighting; Protons; Radiation effects; Optical bleaching; PWO; radiation damage;
Journal_Title :
Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TNS.2012.2197416
