Neural-network classifiers for recognizing totally unconstrained handwritten numerals

Artificial neural networks have been recognized as a powerful tool for pattern classification problems, but a number of researchers have also suggested that straightforward neural-network approaches to pattern recognition are largely inadequate for difficult problems such as handwritten numeral recognition. In this paper, we present three sophisticated neural-network classifiers to solve complex pattern recognition problems: multiple multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier, hidden Markov model (HMM)/MLP hybrid classifier, and structure-adaptive self-organizing map (SOM) classifier. In order to verify the superiority of the proposed classifiers, experiments were performed with the unconstrained handwritten numeral database of Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. The three methods have produced 97.35%, 96.55%, and 96.05% of the recognition rates, respectively, which are better than those of several previous methods reported in the literature on the same database