Saturated synchronous reactance

It is well known that the effects of magnetic saturation are important in modifying the operating characteristics of synchronous machines. In this paper is shown a method of accurately taking into account these effects on the balanced steady-state operation of a cylindrical rotor synchronous machine by using a saturated value of the synchronous reactance. The expression for this reactance is derived directly from fundamental principles, and its use in calculating machine characteristics accurately is illustrated on a typical steady state stability problem.