Structural and parametric estimation of turboalternators using minimal implementation of step responses

A method to achieve a discrete minimal realization of the synchronous machine from step responses is proposed. It is based upon a singular decomposition of the Hankel matrix associated with these empirical observations and it is therefore, an extension of the classical Ho-Kalman (1965) algorithm. The strategies are discussed for the determination of the order of the machine with respect to the desired model complexity and the unavoidable errors on the data. When the matrices are obtained, the static admittances matrices are deduced prior to the operational matrices. If the real machine is nonlinear or of infinite dimension, a minimally reduced order linear model is obtained which approximate the transient response.