Integrated battery fuel gauge and optimal charger

Contemporary Battery Management Systems (BMS) form an essential part of a wide range of devices, such as portable electronics, mobiles, personal digital assistants (PDAs), hybrid and electric vehicles, and aerospace equipment. In this paper, we propose a novel closed-loop integrated BMS consisting of a battery fuel gauge (BFG) and optimal charging algorithms (OCAs). The integrated system not only performs accurate estimation of the state of the batteries, such as the state of charge (SOC), the slate of health (SOH) and the remaining useful lire (RliL), but also computes the optimal charging current based on trade-offs between cycle lire, lime-to-charge (TTC), energy losses (EL), and a temperature rise index (TRI). The stale estimates from the battery fuel gauge are used in the optimal charging problem, and the charging constitutes one of the discrete stales (e.g., charge, discharge, rest) of a BMS. The system has been tested ou a number of commercially available batteries.