Modeling of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Bissessur, Hans K. ; Koyama, Fumio ; Iga, Kenichi

Author_Institution

P&I Lab., Tokyo Inst. of Technol., Japan

Volume

3

Issue

2

fYear

1997

fDate

4/1/1997 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

344

Lastpage

352

Abstract

We present a quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3-D) model of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) using a finite difference beam propagation method (BPM) scheme. The electrical model is based on the carrier rate equation including carrier diffusion. This model, which gives an accurate optical description of the cavity, calculates the threshold current, laser wavelength, output power and secondary-mode rejection of any index or gain-guided VCSEL, taking into account spatial hole burning. The threshold current limit of different laser structures is investigated and different methods are suggested for reducing the scattering losses in oxide-confined structures. Finally, their single-mode limit at and above threshold is discussed, and thin oxide layers are examined to increase the aperture size while maintaining single-mode operation

Keywords

diffusion; finite difference methods; laser cavity resonators; laser modes; laser theory; optical hole burning; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; VCSELs; above threshold; accurate optical description; carrier diffusion; carrier rate equation; electrical model; finite difference beam propagation method; gain-guided VCSEL; index-guided VCSEL; laser structures; laser wavelength; output power; oxide-confined structures; oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser modelling; quasi-3D model; quasi-three-dimensional model; scattering losses; secondary-mode rejection; single-mode limit; spatial hole burning; threshold current; threshold current limit; Equations; Finite difference methods; Laser beams; Laser modes; Optical propagation; Optical scattering; Optical surface waves; Surface emitting lasers; Threshold current; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1077-260X

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/2944.605677

Filename

605677