Exposure Compliance Methodologies for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Enabled Networks and Terminals

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) enabled handsets and base-stations feature antenna systems that generate electromagnetic fields for which relevant exposure standards and guidelines do not explicitly define compliance testing methodologies. Here, through computational modeling, we explore several field summation schemes for evaluating such exposures and propose compliance testing methodologies that limit the degree of exposure under/over-estimation for both base stations and handsets. The methodologies rely on scalar field probe measurements thus avoiding significant equipment upgrades and are applicable to cases where access to signals from each MIMO antenna element can be arranged.