End-to-End Energy Management

In reality, energy is task- not system-centric. Several disparate systems, or systems of systems, collectively use energy to accomplish a given task and satisfy service-level expectations. Consider, for example, someone who takes a photo with a smartphone and sends it to a friend. Taking and transmitting the photo consumes energy from the smart phone, the data transfer consumes energy from the Internet routers, and the recipient´s local system consumes energy to display the image. To improve energy efficiency, we must consider the end-to-end energy use of a task involving multiple computer systems.