Convergence characteristic of delay-lock loop in multipath environment

The delay-lock loop (DLL) is utilised to recover the synchronising signal of the PN code in CDMA systems. However, few papers wholly illustrate the convergence characteristics of the DLL in multipath cases; this problem is studied by the authors. Theoretical analysis and simulation show that the DLL would lock at a point that is the linear combination of the different delays of each multipath signal, weighted by its power level. Therefore, there is an inherent error in the DLL in multipath environments