Numerical techniques in solution of power-system load-flow problems

The literature describing methods of analysis suitable for use with electronic digital computers in the power-system load-flow problem has grown until the papers can now be numbered in hundreds. This paper presents a classification that can be applied to all methods, with theory and discussion of the important problems of acceleration of the solution, criteria for convergence and of the inherent difficulties that enable only general comparisons to be made between methods. An extensive bibliography lists the more significant papers on the subject.