A Large-Signal and Dynamic Circuit Model of a $\hbox {H}_{2}/\hbox {O}_{2}$ PEM Fuel Cell: Description, Parameter Identification, and Exploitation

The authors propose a large-signal and dynamic circuit model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which includes the following different main physical and chemical phenomena: activation, electrochemical double layer, gas diffusion through the gas diffusion and active layers, and ohmic losses. Be careful: this is not an impedance model. This model will be used in studying the interactions between fuel cells and power converters which are connected and, particularly, the fuel-cell behavior facing the perturbations created by the buck converter and the single-phase inverter.