Reciprocity calibration of impulse responses of acoustic emission transducers

By means of reciprocity calibration in Rayleigh-wave and longitudinal-wave sound fields, frequency characteristics of amplitude and phase of absolute sensitivity of acoustic emission transducers were measured on the basis of the newly derived complex reciprocity parameters, and the impulse responses were obtained through inverse Fourier transform. Calibration results were confirmed with supplemental experiments in which the fracturing of a pencil lead was utilized for the source of elastic waves. Impulse responses of acoustic emission transducers to both the Rayleigh-wave and longitudinal-wave displacement velocities were determined by means of purely electrical measurements without the use of mechanical sound sources or reference transducers.