Industrial applications of a.c. polarography

The a.c. polarographs that have recently been developed, such as the Mervyn-Harwell square-wave polarograph, have very greatly extended the range and usefulness of techniques for analysis of metals and non-metals. Concentrations of 1 in 10,000,000 can be measured and these instruments overcome many of the disadvantages of conventional polarographs. The principles of the square-wave polarograph are discussed and recent work on the pulse polarograph and the r.f. polarograph is described. The range and versatility of these instruments offer many opportunities for plant-control and instrumentation.