Single-mode fibre-optic components

A large number of single mode fibre components have been developed over the last decade for telecommunication, local area network, and fibre sensor applications. They include passive components, in particular directional couplers, polarizers, polarization controllers, and filters, as well as active components, such as fibre sources and amplifiers and frequency and phase modulators. This paper presents a review of the technologies involved in these various fibre components, emphasizing in particular physical principles of operation, optical characteristics and relative performance.